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ATP is a nucleotide consisting of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is attached to three phosphate groups. When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) has three phosphate groups that can be removed by hydrolysis to form ADP (adenosine diphosphate) or AMP (adenosine monophosphate). The negative charges on the phosphate group naturally repel each other, requiring energy to bond them together and releasing energy when these bonds are broken.
Which of the following happens when a phosphate – phosphate bond in an ATP molecule is broken? Energy is released in a cell.
Energy is stored in the covalent bonds between phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy (approximately 7 kcal/mole) in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. This covalent bond is known as a pyrophosphate bond. An analogy between ATP and rechargeable batteries is appropriate.
ATP consists of adenosine – composed of an adenine ring and a ribose sugar – and three phosphate groups ( triphosphate ). The phosphoryl groups, starting with the group closest to the ribose, are referred to as the alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ ) phosphates.
ATP. ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate ) contains high energy bonds located between each phosphate group. These bonds are known as phosphoric anhydride bonds.
The entropy, which is the level of disorder, of ADP is greater than that of ATP. This makes ATP a relatively unstable molecule because it will want to give away its phosphate groups, when given the chance, in order to become a more stable molecule. Resonance stabilization of ADP and of Pi is greater than that of ATP.
In a process called cellular respiration, chemical energy in food is converted into chemical energy that the cell can use, and stores it in molecules of ATP. When the cell needs energy to do work, ATP loses its 3rd phosphate group, releasing energy stored in the bond that the cell can use to do work.
It is the breakdown of ATP that releases energy which the body’s tissues such as muscle can use. The by-products of the breakdown of ATP are adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which is the remaining adenosine and two (di) phosphate groups, and one single phosphate (Pi) that is ‘on its own’.
The energy released by ATP is released when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule. When phosphate is removed, energy is released and ATP becomes ADP.
Like most chemical reactions, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is reversible. ATP can be hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi by the addition of water, releasing energy. ADP can be “recharged” to form ATP by the addition of energy, combining with Pi in a process that releases a molecule of water.
Two phosphate groups are still attached to the original molecule.
The phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP are ” high energy bonds ” that are different from other covalent bonds. Which of the following statements about FAD and NAD+ is FALSE? They are dinucleotides. They each can reversibly carry two electrons.
If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di- phosphate ) + phosphate. The energy holding that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do work for the cell.
The process of phosphorylating ADP to form ATP and removing a phosphate from ATP to form ADP in order to store and release energy respectively is known as the ATP cycle. Adenosine triphosphate is an energy source that is used in living things. ATP is created during cellular respiration.